What frequency bands are primarily used for surface communication in the Navy?

The primary frequency bands used for surface communication in the Navy are the VHF (Very High Frequency) and UHF (Ultra High Frequency) bands. These bands are ideal for surface communications due to their propagation characteristics, which enable reliable communication over relatively short to medium distances while maintaining clarity and resistance to interference.

VHF frequencies, ranging from 30 MHz to 300 MHz, are widely used for ship-to-ship and ship-to-shore communication. They provide good coverage, are capable of penetrating water and obstructions, and are less affected by atmospheric conditions.

UHF frequencies, ranging from 300 MHz to 3 GHz, are particularly effective for line-of-sight communication and are often utilized for tactical communications, radar, and satellite links. The UHF band supports a higher data rate and more advanced communication systems, making it suitable for fleet operations.

In contrast, the other frequency bands mentioned do not primarily serve surface communication needs as effectively. HF (High Frequency) is often used for long-range communications but is more susceptible to atmospheric interference, resulting in less reliability for day-to-day surface operations. SHF (Super High Frequency) and EHF (Extremely High Frequency) are typically reserved for satellite communications and advanced systems, rather than direct